Memory

Memory in living creatures refers to the biological process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved by the brain or nervous system. It enables organisms to retain experiences, knowledge, and skills, influencing future behavior and decision-making. Memory can be classified into short-term (working) memory and long-term memory, with further subdivisions such as procedural and declarative memory. It plays a crucial role in learning, adaptation, and survival. Memory mechanisms rely on complex neural processes involving synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitters, and network connectivity, and are studied extensively in neuroscience, psychology, and cognitive science across a wide range of species.