Cosmology

Cosmology is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe. The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia, and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in Cosmologia Generalis. Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature and traditions of creation myths and eschatology. In the science of astronomy, cosmology is concerned with the study of the chronology of the universe.

Physical cosmology is the study of the observable universe's origin, its large-scale structures and dynamics, and the ultimate fate of the universe, including the laws of science that govern these areas. It is investigated by scientists, including astronomers and physicists, as well as philosophers, such as metaphysicians, philosophers of physics, and philosophers of space and time. Because of this shared scope with philosophy, theories in physical cosmology may include both scientific and non-scientific propositions and may depend upon assumptions that cannot be tested. Physical cosmology is a sub-branch of astronomy that is concerned with the universe as a whole. Modern physical cosmology is dominated by the Big Bang Theory which attempts to bring together observational astronomy and particle physics; more specifically, a standard parameterization of the Big Bang with dark matter and dark energy, known as the Lambda-CDM model.

Theoretical astrophysicist David N. Spergel has described cosmology as a "historical science" because "when we look out in space, we look back in time" due to the finite nature of the speed of light.

Source: Cosmology (wikipedia.org)

What's Up With The New JWST Findings? With Neil deGrasse Tyson

What did the early universe really look like? Neil deGrasse Tyson breaks down the new JWST finding about early galaxies and how it changes our understanding of the universe. What is or existing model of the early universe? Learn about the dark ages and the creation of galaxies and stars. Were the

The giant arcs that may dwarf everything in the cosmos

In 2021, British PhD student Alexia Lopez was analysing the light coming from distant quasars when she made a startling discovery. She detected a giant, almost symmetrical arc of galaxies 9.3 billion light years away in the constellation of Boötes the Herdsman. Spanning a massive 3.

Could the Universe End by Tearing Apart Every Atom?

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE ↓ More info below ↓ Of all the unlikely ends of the universe, the Big Rip has to be the most spectacular. Galaxies ripped to shreds, dogs and cat first living together, then tragica

Bubble Universes

Why does time go forwards, not backwards?

When Isaac Newton published his famous Principia in 1687, his three elegant laws of motion solved a lot of problems. Without them, we couldn't have landed people on the Moon 282 years later.

Universe Price Tiers

What If Dark Energy is a New Quantum Field?

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime What is Quintessence? Well we know that something is up with the way the universe is exp

Cosmologist Gift

The Absurd Search For Dark Matter

This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription. Astronomers think there should be 5 times as much dark matter as ordinary matter – a shadow universe that makes up most of the mass in the universe. But aft

You Are Not Where You Think You Are

Start your Shopify free trial today: http://shopify.com/Kurzgesagt Sources & further reading: https://sites.google.com/view/sources-jiggle-of-existence Look around you. Where are you? Where is this place you are occupying? Somewhere in a room, maybe in a city on a continent on a planet orbiting a

Dissolving an Event Horizon

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Space DOES NOT Expand Everywhere

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Space is big, and it’s getting bigger. But where does all that new space actually come

Nobel physics prize: 'Ground-breaking' win for planets and Big Bang

Three scientists have been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics for "ground-breaking" discoveries about the Universe. James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz were announced as this year's winners at a ceremony in Stockholm.

Does the Universe Create Itself?

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Scientists claim hairy black holes explain Hawking paradox

Scientists say they have solved one of the biggest paradoxes in science first identified by Prof Stephen Hawking. He highlighted that black holes behave in a way that puts two fundamental theories at odds with each other.

Where Is The Center of The Universe?

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Are Black Holes Actually Fuzzballs?

Learn More about Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/SpaceTime/ Take the PBS Digital Studios audience survey: https://to.pbs.org/2021survey Black holes are a paradox. They are paradoxical because they simultaneously must exist but can’t, and so they break physics as we know it. Many physicists will

A Bunch of Rocks

From The Conversation

My understanding is that nothing comes from nothing. For something to exist, there must be material or a component available, and for them to be available, there must be something else available.

Our Sky in 350,000,000,000 years

How did Hubble discover the expansion of the universe? Thank you to BetterHelp for sponsoring today's video. Click here for 10% off your first month - https://betterhelp.com/physicsgirl Support Physics Girl videos → https://www.patreon.com/physicsgirl Creator/Host: Dianna Cowern Editor: Levi B

The Big Bang Didn't Happen Where You Think

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Are Black Holes Actually Fuzzballs?

What If Our Understanding of Gravity Is Wrong?

Thank you to CuriosityStream for supporting PBS. For more information go to https://curiositystream.thld.co/PBSSPACETIME Check Out @PBSVitals here: https://youtu.be/FOL0Hs8UcNs What if there is no such thing as dark matter? What if our understanding of gravity is just wrong? New work is taking ano

How Does Gravity Warp the Flow of Time?

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These Move Faster than the Speed of Light

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Why Magnetic Monopoles SHOULD Exist

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime What happens if you cut a bar magnetic in half? We get two magnets, each with their own North and South poles. But what happens if you keep on cutting, into fourths and eighths and sixteenths and so on?

The mystery of how big our Universe really is

Let's start by saying the Universe is big. When we look in any direction, the furthest visible regions of the Universe are estimated to be around 46 billion light years away. That's a diameter of 540 sextillion (or 54 followed by 22 zeros) miles.

First Detection of Light from Behind a Black Hole

Thank you to Blinkist for supporting PBS. For more information and trial go to http://www.blinkist.com/PBSSpacetime How do you see the unseeable - how do you explore the inescapable? Our cleverest astronomers have figured out ways to catch light that skims the very edge of black holes. Let’s fin

Is The Future Predetermined By Quantum Mechanics?

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE ↓ More info below ↓ Einstein’s special theory of relativity combines space and time into one dynamic, unified entity - spacetime. But if time is connected to space, could the univ

How An Extreme New Star Could Change All Cosmology

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime A new white dwarf has been discovered (poetically named: ZTF J1901+1458) that’s doing some stuff that no white dwarf should ever be able to do. In fact, it has multiple properties that are so extreme

Neutron Stars: The Most Extreme Objects in the Universe

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime We’ve traveled to lots of weird places on this show - from the interiors of black holes to the time before the big bang. But today I want to take you on a journey to what has got to be the weirdest pl

How Distant Galaxies Mess With Our Lives

Tiny particles from distant galaxies have caused plane accidents, election interference and game glitches. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription. This video was inspired by the RadioLab Podcast "B

The mysterious origins of Universe's biggest black holes

Halfway between the belly of Delphinus the Dolphin and the hind hoof of Pegasus the flying horse, a pristine pinwheel tumbles through space.

Black hole and neutron star collide twice in 10 days

Scientists have detected two collisions between a neutron star and a black hole in the space of 10 days. Researchers predicted that such collisions would occur, but did not know how often.

Astronomers work out when the first stars shone

Astronomers have worked out when the first stars began shining. They say that this period, known as the "cosmic dawn," occurred between 250 to 350 million years after the Big Bang.

New dark matter map reveals cosmic mystery

An international team of researchers has created the largest and most detailed map of the distribution of so-called dark matter in the Universe. The results are a surprise because they show that it is slightly smoother and more spread out than the current best theories predict.

TRUE Limits Of Humanity – The Final Border We Will Never Cross

If you want to support kurzgesagt and get something beautiful in return check our shop: https://bit.ly/3dRJj71 Sources & further reading: https://sites.google.com/view/sources-truelimitsofhumanity/ The original Limits of Humanity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZL4yYHdDSWs Is there a border we w

The Most Extreme Things in the Universe - Ultimate Guide to Black Holes

If you want to continue thinking about black holes a tad more, you can do so by getting one of the many black hole related things the Kurzgesagt team made with love: https://bit.ly/3dRJj71 Sources & further reading: https://sites.google.com/view/sources-black-holes/ Our Video on Neutronstars: htt

The NEW Warp Drive Possibilities

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime That Einstein guy was a real bummer for our hopes of a star-hopping, science-fiction-y future. His whole “nothing travels faster than light” rule seems to ensure that exploration of even the local p

What If Dark Matter Is Just Black Holes?

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime It may be that for every star in the universe there are billions of microscopic black holes streaming through the solar system, the planet, even our bodies every second. Sounds horrible - but hey, at

From The Conversation

2nd March 2021If there is a God, would they be bound by the laws of physics? I still believed in God (I am now an atheist) when I heard the following question at a seminar, first posed by Einstein, and was stunned by its elegance and depth: "If there is a God who created the entire universe and ALL

The LONGEST time - Numberphile

A paper by Don Page claimed to use the longest finite time ever calculated by a physicist - it's the time it will take the Universe to reset itself!?! More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓ Video featuring Tony Padilla from the University of Nottingham. Read the paper at http://arx

The NEW Crisis in Cosmology

https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime I have good news and bad news. Bad news first: two years ago we reported on the Crisis in Cosmology. Since then, it’s only gotten worse. And actually, the good news is also that the crisis in cosmology has actually gotten worse, which means we may be onto some

Gravitational Wave Background Discovered?

Check Out Overview on PBS Terra: https://youtu.be/Pgj95EntvW0 Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime It was pretty impressive when LIGO detected gravitational waves from colliding black holes. Well we’ve just taken that to the next le

Secrets of the Cosmic Microwave Background

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Breathtaking new map of the X-ray Universe

Behold the hot, energetic Universe. The image records a lot of the violent action in the cosmos - instances where matter is being accelerated, heated and shredded.

Gravitational waves: Numbers don't do them justice

The veteran gravitational wave hunter from Glasgow University has come to the National Press Club in Washington DC to witness the announcement of the first direct detection of ripples in the fabric of space-time caused by the merger of two "intermediate-sized" black holes.

Black holes: Cosmic signal rattles Earth after 7 billion years

Imagine the energy of eight Suns released in an instant. This is the gravitational "shockwave" that spread out from the biggest merger yet observed between two black holes.

Betelgeuse: Nearby 'supernova' star's dimming explained

Astronomers say big cool patches on a "supergiant" star close to Earth were behind its surprise dimming last year. Red giant stars like Betelgeuse frequently undergo changes in brightness, but the drop to 40% of its normal value between October 2019 and April 2020 surprised astronomers.

Katie Mack: 'Knowing how the universe will end is freeing'

Terms like "heat death", "big rip" and "vacuum decay" don't sound all that inviting. And they aren't. They describe a few of the theories scientists have about how our universe will one day die.

Desert telescope takes aim at ageing our Universe

Another telescope has entered the debate about the age and expansion rate of the Universe. This topic has recently become the subject of an energetic to and fro among scientists using different astronomical facilities and techniques.

Mystery over monster star's vanishing act

Astronomers have been baffled by the disappearance of a massive star they had been observing. They now wonder whether the distant object collapsed to form a black hole without exploding in a supernova.

Dark matter hunt yields unexplained signal

An experiment searching for signs of elusive dark matter has detected an unexplained signal. Scientists working on the Xenon1T experiment have detected more activity within their detector than they would otherwise expect.

Boltzmann brain

The Boltzmann brain argument suggests that it is more likely for a single brain to spontaneously and briefly form in a void (complete with a false memory of having existed in our universe) than it is for the universe to have come about in the way modern science thinks it actually did.

'Ground-breaking' galaxy collision detected

Scientists have detected a cosmic "pileup" of galaxies in the early Universe. Imaged almost at the boundary of the observable Universe, the 14 unusually bright objects are on a collision course, set to form one massive galaxy.

Milky Way galaxy is warped and twisted, not flat

Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is "warped and twisted" and not flat as previously thought, new research shows. Analysis of the brightest stars in the galaxy shows that they do not lie on a flat plane as shown in academic texts and popular science books.

'Nearest black hole to Earth discovered'

Astronomers have a new candidate in their search for the nearest black hole to Earth. It's about 1,000 light-years away, or roughly 9.5 thousand, million, million km, in the Constellation Telescopium.

'Multiverse' theory suggested by microwave background

The idea that other universes - as well as our own - lie within "bubbles" of space and time has received a boost. Studies of the low-temperature glow left from the Big Bang suggest that several of these "bubble universes" may have left marks on our own.

'Space blob' baffles astronomers

It might not look like much, but this image represents one of the most distant objects astronomers have ever seen, 12.9 billion light years away. It is a "Lyman-alpha blob" and is 55,000 light years across - as large as present-day galaxies.

Alma telescope begins study of cosmic dawn

One of the 21st Century's grand scientific undertakings has begun its quest to view the "Cosmic Dawn". The Atacama large milllimetre/submillimetre array (Alma) in Chile is the largest, most complex telescope ever built.

Cosmic distance record 'broken'

A cataclysmic explosion of a huge star near the edge of the observable Universe may be the most distant single object yet spied by a telescope.Scientists believe the blast, which was detected by Nasa's Swift space observatory, occurred a mere 520 million years after the Big Bang.

Cosmos may show echoes of events before Big Bang

Evidence of events that happened before the Big Bang can be seen in the glow of microwave radiation that fills the Universe, scientists have asserted. Renowned cosmologist Roger Penrose said that analysis of this cosmic microwave background showed echoes of previous Big Bang-like events.

Dark discussion ahead for Europe and US

It couldn't have been planned better.

Dark energy and flat Universe exposed by simple method

Researchers have developed a simple technique that adds evidence to the theory that the Universe is flat. Moreover, the method - developed by revisiting a 30-year-old idea - confirms that "dark energy" makes up nearly three-quarters of the Universe.

Dark matter hunt eyes deeper home

Scientists are looking to relocate an underground experiment searching for dark matter to an even deeper site. Cosmic rays striking the Earth could completely mask the rare dark matter events sought by the experiment.

Dark matter may solve 'radio filaments' mystery

Unexplained "filaments" of radio-wave emission close to our galaxy's centre may hold proof of the existence of dark matter, researchers have said. Dark matter is believed to make up most of the mass of our Universe, but it has yet to be definitively spotted.

Dark matter theory challenged by gassy galaxies result

Instead of invoking dark matter, the Modified Newtonian Dynamics theory says that the effects of gravity change in places where its pull is very low. The new paper suggests that Mond better predicts the relationship between gassy galaxies' rotation speeds and masses.

Dark matter tracks could give earliest view of Universe

Researchers have come up with a way to glimpse the infant Universe by decoding the earliest ripples in its light. They say this can be achieved by capturing the specific radio wavelength of 21cm from the heavens.

Dwarf galaxies suggest dark matter theory may be wrong

Scientists' predictions about the mysterious dark matter purported to make up most of the mass of the Universe may have to be revised. Research on dwarf galaxies suggests they cannot form in the way they do if dark matter exists in the form that the most common model requires it to.

Fermi gamma-ray image updates 'extreme Universe' view

The Fermi space telescope has yielded the most detailed gamma ray map of the sky - representing the Universe's most violent and extreme processes. The telescope's newest results, as well as the map, were described at the Third Fermi Symposium in Rome this week.

TEDx Brussels 2010 - Frank Tipler - The Ultimate Future

Tulane physicist Frank Tipler committed professional heresy by publishing The Physics of Immortality, a book in which he used the scientific method and the principles of modern physics to lay out what he called a proof for not only the existence of God, but for the resurrection of the dead as descri

Hints of 'time before Big Bang'

A team of physicists has claimed that our view of the early Universe may contain the signature of a time before the Big Bang. The discovery comes from studying the cosmic microwave background (CMB), light emitted when the Universe was just 400,000 years old.

LHC researchers 'set to create a mini-Big Bang'

Researchers at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are getting set to create the Big Bang on a miniature scale. Since 2009, the world's highest-energy particle accelerator has been smashing together protons, in a bid to shed light on the fundamental nature of matter.

Meteorites 'could have carried nitrogen to Earth'

A meteorite found in Antarctica could lend weight to the argument that life on Earth might have been kick-started from space, scientists are claiming.Chemical analysis of the meteorite shows it to be rich in the gas ammonia.

Neutrons could test Newton's gravity and string theory

A pioneering technique using subatomic particles known as neutrons could give microscopic hints of extra dimensions or even dark matter, researchers say.The idea rests on probing any minuscule variations in gravity as it acts on slow-moving neutrons in a tiny cavity.

New clue to anti-matter mystery

A US-based physics experiment has found a clue as to why the world around us is composed of normal matter and not its shadowy opposite: anti-matter.Anti-matter is rare today; it can be produced in "atom smashers", in nuclear reactions or by cosmic rays.

New twist in antimatter mystery

Physicists have taken a step forward in their efforts to understand why the Universe is dominated by matter, and not its shadowy opposite antimatter. The results show that certain matter particles decay differently from their antimatter counterparts.

Nobel physics prize honours accelerating Universe find

Three researchers behind the discovery that our Universe's expansion is accelerating have been awarded this year's Nobel prize for physics. Saul Perlmutter and Adam Riess of the US and Brian Schmidt of Australia will divide the prize.

Planck telescope reveals ancient cosmic light

This is the extraordinary place where we all live - the Universe. The picture is the first full-sky image from Europe's Planck telescope which was sent into space last year to survey the "oldest light" in the cosmos.

Planck telescope's first glimpse

The European telescope sent far from Earth to study the oldest light in the Universe has returned its first images. The Planck observatory, launched in May, is surveying radiation that first swept out across space just 380,000 years after the Big Bang.

Stars reveal carbon 'spaceballs'

Scientists have detected the largest molecules ever seen in space, in a cloud of cosmic dust surrounding a distant star. The football-shaped carbon molecules are known as buckyballs, and were only discovered on Earth 25 years ago when they were made in a laboratory.

Stephen Hawking: 'There is no heaven; it's a fairy story'

The belief that heaven or an afterlife awaits us is a "fairy story" for people afraid of death, Stephen Hawking has said.

Stephen Hawking: God did not create Universe

There is no place for God in theories on the creation of the Universe, Professor Stephen Hawking has said. He had previously argued belief in a creator was not incompatible with science but in a new book, he concludes the Big Bang was an inevitable consequence of the laws of physics.

Study hints at dark matter action

Researchers in the US say they have detected two signals which could possibly indicate the presence of particles of dark matter. But the study in Science journal reports the statistical likelihood of a detection of dark matter as 23%.

The first glimpse of dark matter?

US scientists have reported the detection of signals that could indicate the presence of dark matter. The main announcement came from the Department of Energy's Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago.

Why is there something rather than nothing?

People have wrestled with the mystery of why the universe exists for thousands of years. Pretty much every ancient culture came up with its own creation story - most of them leaving the matter in the hands of the gods - and philosophers have written reams on the subject.

Ultimate fate of the universe

The ultimate fate of the universe is a topic in physical cosmology, whose theoretical restrictions allow possible scenarios for the evolution and ultimate fate of the universe to be described and evaluated.

Universe 'proven flat'

The measurements were made using a very sensitive telescope suspended from a balloon 40,000 metres (131,000 feet) above Antarctica. The instrument flew around the frozen continent between 29 December 1998 and 8 January 1999. It has taken since then to process the one billion measurements.

Wormhole 'no use' for time travel

For budding time travellers, the future (or should that be the past?) is starting to look bleak. Hypothetical tunnels called wormholes once looked like the best bet for constructing a real time machine.

Mapping the Multiverse

How We Know The Universe is Ancient

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Was the Milky Way a Quasar?

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Solving the Three Body Problem

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The Edge of an Infinite Universe

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE ↓ More info below ↓ Have you ever asked “what is beyond the edge of the universe?” And have you ever been told that an infinite universe that has no edge? You were told wrong. I

Are You a Boltzmann Brain? | Space Time

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE Was an incredible drop in entropy responsible for the Big Bang? If that’s the case, this would lead us to conclude that a great many other things are possible, including th

Dancing gargantuan black holes perform on cue

Astronomers have been able to test key consequences of Einstein's theories by studying the way a couple of black holes move around each other. One of these objects is a true colossus - a hole weighing 18 billion times the mass of our Sun; the other not quite so big at "only" 150 million Sun masses.

Will Wormholes Allow Fast Interstellar Travel?

Biggest cosmic mystery 'step closer' to solution

Stars, galaxies, planets, pretty much everything that makes up our everyday lives owes its existence to a cosmic quirk. The nature of this quirk, which allowed matter to dominate the Universe at the expense of antimatter, remains a mystery.

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April 30, 2022 at 21:51:46 UTC

Cosmology

Cosmology

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